Systems and methods for large debris conveyance

ABSTRACT

A device for sorting particulate material includes a main conveyor belt, a separation screen, a graded material conveyor, and an oversize material conveyor. The separation screen is configured to separate the material into a first portion and a second portion with a larger average particle diameter than the first portion. The graded material conveyor is positioned below the separation screen to receive the first portion of the material, and the oversize material conveyor is positioned at an end of the separation screen to receive the second portion of the material.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/663,060, filed Jul. 28, 3017, which claims the benefit of andpriority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/368,495, filed Jul.29, 2016, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by referencein their entireties.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

Many industries crush rocks to produce material of a preferred orrequired size for aesthetic, structural, or other purposes. Someapplications require the pieces of stone or rock to be not larger than amaximum size. Other applications require the pieces of stone or rock tobe within a particular range of acceptable sizes. The original materialcan begin many orders of magnitude larger than the final size, and thestone can be crushed in a single step or in several steps. Aftercrushing, the stone is sorted based on size of the crushed material andseparated into different groups.

In road grading, stone is crushed to produce material with an averagesize no larger than a predetermined value. The predetermined value isbased on the type of material, any additional fill material, such asclay, dirt, sand, or other fill material, and the type of weather towhich the road will be exposed. In some regions, the type and size ofstone used in the creation of roads may be legislated. To produce stoneof the appropriate size, larger stones and other debris are sorted by apadding machine.

The padding machine is driven along a windrow of earthen material (e.g.,a mixture of oversized stones, smaller stones, and fine material) laidon the edge of the road under construction. The earthen material of thewindrow is picked up by the padding machine and delivered to the side ofa trench by the padding machine.

Conventional padding machines use a chain conveyor belt close to theground to pick up the earthen material from the windrow and convey theearthen material through the padding machine to a sorting or separationtable or screen. The separation screen separates the earthen materialinto relatively acceptable smaller size stones and fine material andoversize stones. The oversize stones are redeposited in a windrow andthe remaining earthen material (e.g., smaller size stones and finematerial) are directed to a trench or other nearby portion of theconstruction surface for use in the construction project.

Conventional padding machines and conveyor belts are susceptible todamage from the stone, dirt, and debris during usage. Damage to theconveyor belt may render the entire padding machine inoperable and delaya construction project. Similarly, the delivery of stone to the windrowand removal of stone from the windrow are costly steps of a constructionprocess, both in time and money. Efficient direction of both the smallerstones and fine material and the larger stones after separation mayreduce costs and increase construction speed.

SUMMARY

In an embodiment, a device for moving material includes one or morerotors and one or more conveyor belts. The one or more rotors areconfigured to rotate and move material from the ground or other surfaceto the one or more conveyor belts. The one or more rotors are positionedsuch that rotation of the one or more rotors lifts or pushes materialonto or toward the one or more conveyor belts to be moved as the one ormore conveyor belts move.

In another embodiment, a device for sorting particulate materialincludes a main conveyor belt, a separation screen, a graded materialconveyor, and an oversize material conveyor. The separation screen isconfigured to receive material from the main conveyor belt and separatethe material into a first portion and a second portion. The firstportion of the material has a smaller average diameter than the secondportion of the material. The graded material conveyor is positionedbelow the separation screen and configured to receive the first portionof the material. The oversize material conveyor is positioned at the endof the separation screen and configured to receive the second portion ofthe material.

In yet another embodiment, a device for sorting particulate materialincludes a main conveyor belt, a rotor, and a separation screen. Therotor is positioned adjacent to an end of the main conveyor belt andconfigured to rotate relative to the main conveyor belt. The rotor hasat least one engagement member connected thereto that rotates with therotor. The separation screen is configured to receive material from themain conveyor belt and separate the material into a first portion and asecond portion.

In a further embodiment, a padding machine includes a main conveyorbelt, a first rotor, a separation screen, a graded material conveyor,and an oversize material conveyor. The first rotor is positionedadjacent to an end of the main conveyor belt and configured to rotaterelative to the main conveyor belt. The rotor has at least oneengagement member connected thereto that rotates with the rotor. Theseparation screen is configured to receive material from the mainconveyor belt and separate the material into a first portion and asecond portion. The first portion of the material has a smaller averagediameter than the second portion of the material. The graded materialconveyor is positioned below the separation screen and configured toreceive the first portion of the material. The oversize materialconveyor is positioned at the end of the separation screen andconfigured to receive the second portion of the material.

This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts that arefurther described below in the detailed description. This summary is notintended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subjectmatter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in limiting the scope ofthe claimed subject matter.

Additional features and advantages of embodiments of the disclosure willbe set forth in the description which follows, and in part will beobvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of suchembodiments. The features and advantages of such embodiments may berealized and obtained by means of the instruments and combinationsparticularly pointed out in the appended claims. These and otherfeatures will become more fully apparent from the following descriptionand appended claims, or may be learned by the practice of suchembodiments as set forth hereinafter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to describe the manner in which the above-recited and otherfeatures of the disclosure can be obtained, a more particulardescription will be rendered by reference to specific embodimentsthereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. For betterunderstanding, the like elements have been designated by like referencenumbers throughout the various accompanying figures. While some of thedrawings may be schematic or exaggerated representations of concepts, atleast some of the drawings may be drawn to scale. Understanding that thedrawings depict some example embodiments, the embodiments will bedescribed and explained with additional specificity and detail throughthe use of the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of an embodiment of a paddingmachine, according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a rear perspective view of the embodiment of a padding machineof FIG. 1, according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 3A is a front partial cross-section of a padding machine frame andtracks of FIG. 1, according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 3B is a side partial cross section of a padding machine frame andtracks of FIG. 3A with the track being rotated, according to the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 3C is a side partial cross section of a padding machine frame andtracks of FIG. 3A, according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a rear view of the embodiment of a padding machine of FIG. 1,according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 is a side view of the embodiment of a padding machine of FIG. 1,according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a rotor andconveyor belt, according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 is another schematic representation of an embodiment of a rotorand conveyor belt, according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a rotor, according tothe present disclosure;

FIG. 9A is a perspective view of another embodiment of a rotor,according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 9B is a perspective view of still another embodiment of a rotor,according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 9C is a perspective view of yet another embodiment of a rotor,according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of yet another embodiment of a rotor,according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a further embodiment of a rotor,according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a paddingmachine, according to the present disclosure; and

FIG. 13 is a top view of the embodiment of a padding machine of FIG. 12,according to the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

One or more specific embodiments of the present disclosure will bedescribed below. These described embodiments are examples of thepresently disclosed techniques. Additionally, in an effort to provide aconcise description of these embodiments, not all features of an actualembodiment may be described in the specification. It should beappreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation,as in any engineering or design project, numerous embodiment-specificdecisions will be made to achieve the developers' specific goals, suchas compliance with system-related and business-related constraints,which may vary from one embodiment to another. Moreover, it should beappreciated that such a development effort might be complex and timeconsuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design,fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having thebenefit of this disclosure.

This disclosure generally relates to devices, systems, and methods forconveying and sorting earthen material. More particularly, the presentdisclosure relates to the collection of particles of earthen material,such as rock, dirt, sand, gravel, and other material used in civil androad engineering projects; separation and/or sorting of the earthenmaterial into different portions based at least partially upon size ofthe particles; and redeposition of the earthen material after separationand/or sorting.

In accordance with the present disclosure, a padding machine or otherheavy machinery is used to collect particles of material (such asearthen material) and move a portion of the material to a trench orother location in an engineering project. The padding machine mayinclude one or more rotors forward of a main conveyor belt to collectthe particles of material and deliver the particles to the main conveyorbelt. In some embodiments, a rotor may be a rotating body that lifts theparticles onto a main conveyor belt. In other embodiments, a rotor maybe a rotating or moving body that pushes or sweeps the particles onto amain conveyor belt.

In some embodiments, the main conveyor belt may be a flexible belt. Forexample, a flexible conveyor belt may include a belt material such as arubber, polymer, inorganic textile, organic textile, other flexiblematerial, or combinations thereof. A flexible main conveyor belt maymove around the one or more rollers and/or gears of a drive systemwithout hinges, links, or other mechanical fasteners into which theparticles or other debris may enter. The particles or other debris maywear or damage the hinges, links, or other mechanical fasteners,requiring additional maintenance, repair, or replacement of the mainconveyor belt.

The main conveyor belt conveys the particles to a separation screen,which separates the particles into at least a first portion and a secondportion, the first portion having an average particle size that is lessthan the second portion. A graded material conveyor may convey the firstportion laterally (e.g., transverse to the main conveyor belt) andredeposit the particles of the first portion to a first lateral side ofthe padding machine. An oversize material conveyor may convey the secondportion laterally and redeposit the particles of the second portion to asecond lateral side of the padding machine opposite the first lateralside. In other embodiments, the graded material conveyor and theoversize material conveyor may convey the first portion and secondportion of the material, respectively, in any direction or distance inorder to separate the first portion and second portion.

FIG.1 illustrates an embodiment of a padding machine 100 according tothe present disclosure. The padding machine 100 has a mouth 102 at ornear a front of the padding machine 100 configured to receive theparticles of material. For example, the padding machine 100 may movealong a windrow or other collection of material and receive the materialat the mouth 102. The mouth 102 may have one or more guards 104 thatdirect the material into the mouth 102. The material is directed throughthe mouth 102 to a main conveyor belt 106, which may move the material.

The padding machine 100 has a set of tracks 108 or other motive element,such as wheels, skids, legs, feet, or combinations thereof, to move thepadding machine 100 relative to the surface upon which the paddingmachine 100 is used. In other embodiments, the padding machine 100 maybe stationary and the material may be moved toward and/or into the mouth102. In yet other embodiments, the padding machine 100 may be moved byanother piece of machinery and/or equipment. For example, the paddingmachine 100 may be towed by another machine or may be placed on atrailer bed and pulled.

The main conveyor belt 106 may be made of or include a flexible beltmaterial that allows the main conveyor belt 106 to elastically deform.In some embodiments the flexible belt material may be a rubber, apolymer, an inorganic textile, an organic textile, other flexiblematerials, or combinations thereof. For example, the main conveyor belt106 may be entirely rubber. In other examples, the main conveyor belt106 may be a polymer reinforced with a KEVLAR. In yet other examples,the main conveyor belt 106 may be braided metal cables with a rubbercoating thereon. In at least one embodiment, the main conveyor belt 106may be a continuous piece of material without hinges, links, or otherbreaks in the main conveyor belt 106.

The main conveyor belt 106 may carry material upward using a pluralityof retention members 110. The retention members 110 are depicted as aset of angled walls that meet at an angle at or near the longitudinalcenter 112 of the main conveyor belt 106. The retention members 110 forma V-shaped trough that retains material on the main conveyor belt 106and limits the movement of the material back down the main conveyor belt106. In other embodiments, the retention members 110 may meet at alocation not along the longitudinal center 112 of the main conveyor belt106. For example, the retention members 110 may meet at locations oneither side of the longitudinal center 112, such that the position ofthe trough formed by the retention members 110 alternates sides of thelongitudinal center 112 as the main conveyor belt 106 moves.

In other embodiments, the retention members 110 may have other shapesand/or sizes. For example, the retention members 110 may besubstantially straight across a width of the main conveyor belt 106. Inother examples, at least a portion of the retention members 110 may becurved. In yet other examples, the retention members 110 may form aplurality of troughs across a width of the main conveyor belt 106, suchas two V-shaped troughs side-by-side across the width of the mainconveyor belt 106.

In some embodiments, the retention members 110 may be integrally formedwith the main conveyor belt 106. For example, at least one retentionmember 110 may be made of or include the same belt material as the mainconveyor belt 106, such as cast integrally with the rubber, polymer, orother belt material. In another example, at least one retention member110 may be welded, such as a metal retention member, or melted, such asa meltable polymer or rubber to the main conveyor belt 106. In otherembodiments, at least one retention member 110 may be connected to themain conveyor belt 106 by a mechanical interlock, such as a compressionfit, friction fit, snap fit, etc.; a mechanical fastener, such as a nutand bolt, threaded rod, screw, nail, staple, clip, clamp, pin, rivet,etc.; an adhesive; or combinations thereof. For example, at least oneretention member 110 may be connected to the main conveyor belt 106 byan adhesive and at least one threaded rod.

The main conveyor belt 106 delivers the particles of material to aseparation screen 114. The separation screen 114 may have one or moreopenings therein of a predetermined size. For example, the separationscreen 114 may be a mesh or a panel with holes drilled therein. In atleast one embodiment, the openings in the separation screen 114 aresubstantially uniform in size. The openings in the separation screen 114may allow for particles with at least two dimensions less than theopening size to pass through the separation screen 114. The separationscreen 114 may, therefore, exclude particles that are too large to passthrough the openings of the separation screen 114.

The separation screen 114 may be actively vibrated to move materialthrough and/or along the separation screen 114. For example, theseparation screen 114 may be connected to and/or mounted on one or morevibration sources to vibrate the separation screen 114 in one or moreaxes to move and rotate the particles of material thereon for moreefficient separation. In other embodiments, the separation screen 114may be passively vibrated, such as receiving the vibrations of one ormore engines and/or motors connected to and/or mounted on the paddingmachine 100. In such embodiments, an additional or dedicated vibrationmechanism may be redundant.

In some embodiments, the padding machine 100 may include one or morerotors 116 in the mouth 102 that may assist in moving particles ofmaterial from the ground to the main conveyor belt 106. For example, theretention members 110 may assist in urging material up the main conveyorbelt 106 once on the main conveyor belt 106, while the rotor(s) or otherdevice may increase the efficiency of transporting material to the mainconveyor belt 106 from the ground. Various embodiments of the rotor(s)116 will be described in greater detail in relation to FIG. 6 throughFIG. 11.

The padding machine 100 includes a power supply 118, such as an internalcombustion engine, a generator, a battery, other electrical energystorage devices, or combinations thereof to provide energy to move themain conveyor belt 106, the tracks 108, the separation screen 114, therotor(s) 116, or other components of the padding machine 100.

FIG. 2 illustrates the rear portion of the padding machine 100 includingthe separation screen 114 and a graded material conveyor 122 and anoversize material conveyor 124. The separation screen 114 includes anupper edge 120 that receives material from the main conveyor belt 106and a bottom edge 128 that delivers at least part of the material to theoversize material conveyor 124. The graded material conveyor 122 ispositioned below the separation screen 114 to receive a first portion ofthe material that passes through the separation screen 114 and fallsdownward to the graded material conveyor 122.

The upper edge 120 may contact the main conveyor belt 106 tomechanically remove (e.g., scrape or agitate) material from the mainconveyor belt 106 as the main conveyor belt 106 moves. In otherembodiments, the upper edge 120 may be spaced apart from, such as below,the main conveyor belt 106 to allow material to fall from the mainconveyor belt 106 onto the upper edge 120 and/or separation screen 114.

The oversize material conveyor 124 is positioned below the bottom edge128 of the separation screen 114 to receive a second portion of thematerial that is too large to fall through the openings in theseparation screen 114 or otherwise does not pass through the separationscreen 114.

The graded material conveyor 122 and the oversize material conveyor 124may be configured to convey material in either lateral direction. Forexample, the graded material conveyor 122 and the oversize materialconveyor 124 may be configured to selectively move a conveyor belt tothe left or to the right relative to the separation screen 114.

In some embodiments, the graded material conveyor 122 and the oversizematerial conveyor 124 may be configured to convey material in the samelateral direction. For example, the graded material conveyor 122 mayconvey the first portion of the material (i.e., the smaller diameterparticles) in a first lateral direction and the oversize materialconveyor 124 may convey the second portion of the material (i.e., thelarger diameter particles) in the first lateral direction also such thatthe first portion of the material and the second portion of the materialare deposited in adjacent piles on a single side of the padding machine100. Such adjacent piles may be useful in building a bank with agradient in particle size for drainage purposes.

In other embodiments, the graded material conveyor 122 and the oversizematerial conveyor 124 may be configured to convey material in oppositelateral directions. For example, the graded material conveyor 122 mayconvey the first portion of the material (i.e., the smaller diameterparticles) in a first lateral direction and the oversize materialconveyor 124 may convey the second portion of the material (i.e., thelarger diameter particles) in an opposite second lateral direction suchthat the first portion of the material and the second portion of thematerial are deposited in parallel piles on opposing sides of thepadding machine 100. Such parallel piles may be separated by at leastthe width of the padding machine 100, allowing one or both of the pilesto be moved and/or manipulated by other machinery or workers withoutinterfering with the other pile. For example, the second portion of thematerial (i.e., the larger diameter particles) may be removed from aroad surface while the smaller diameter particles may be used forconstruction of the road surface.

In some embodiments, the conveyance speed (e.g., rotational speed) ofthe graded material conveyor 122 and/or oversize material conveyor 124may be fixed. In other embodiments, the conveyance speed (e.g.,rotational speed) of the graded material conveyor 122 and/or oversizematerial conveyor 124 may be variable and/or user selectable. Forexample, the conveyance speed of the graded material conveyor 122 may begreater than the conveyance speed of the oversize material conveyor 124.In other examples, the conveyance speed of the graded material conveyor122 may be less than the conveyance speed of the oversize materialconveyor 124. In yet other examples, the conveyance speed of the gradedmaterial conveyor 122 and/or oversize material conveyor 124 may bewithin a range of 0.25 feet per second to 10 feet per second. Theconveyance speed of the graded material conveyor 122 and/or oversizematerial conveyor 124 may at least partially control the location of thematerial deposited by the graded material conveyor 122 and/or oversizematerial conveyor 124.

To further aid in controlling the deposition of the material from thegraded material conveyor 122 and/or oversize material conveyor 124, apadding machine 100 may include a control plate 126 to control the angleand distance at which the first portion of the material is deposited.For example, FIG. 2 illustrates a control plate 126 attached to eitherend of the graded material conveyor 122. In some embodiments, theposition of the control plate 126 may be adjustable relative to thegraded material conveyor 122 to adjust the angle of the control plate126. By way of example, the control plate 126 may be a hydraulic feedcontrol plate that is adjustable by way of hydraulics. For instance, atleast a portion of the control plate 126 may be raised (e.g., movedfarther from the graded material conveyor 122 and/or oriented closer tohorizontal) to allow material from the graded material conveyor 122 tobe deposited farther from the padding machine 100. The control plate 126may be lowered (e.g., brought closer to the graded material conveyor 122and/or oriented closer to vertical) to limit the distance to which thematerial may be thrown from the graded material conveyor 122.

In some embodiments, a static position of the control plate 126 may beselected by an operator to direct the material at a particular target,such as into a trench. In other embodiments, the position of the controlplate 126 may be varied to distribute the material evenly over a widerarea than a static control plate 126 position.

In some embodiments, a relative vertical angle of the graded materialconveyor 122 and oversize material conveyor 124 may be adjustable. Forexample, FIG. 2 illustrates the graded material conveyor 122 andoversize material conveyor 124 parallel to one another. In otherexamples, the graded material conveyor 122 and oversize materialconveyor 124 may be tiltable in the lateral direction such that avertical angle between the graded material conveyor 122 and oversizematerial conveyor 124 may be in a range having an upper value, a lowervalue, or upper and lower values including any of 1°, 2°, 4°, 6°, 8°,10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, or any angles therebetween. For example, avertical angle between the graded material conveyor 122 and oversizematerial conveyor 124 may be greater than 1°. In other examples, thevertical angle between the graded material conveyor 122 and oversizematerial conveyor 124 may be greater than 5°. In other examples, thevertical angle between the graded material conveyor 122 and oversizematerial conveyor 124 may be adjustable up to 30°.

In some embodiments, such as shown in FIG. 2, a padding machine 100 mayinclude one or more vibration sources 130. For example, the vibrationsource 130 may be connected to the separation screen 114 and configuredto transmit vibration from the vibration source 130 to the separationscreen 114. In other examples, the vibration source 130 may at leastpartially support the separation screen 114 such that when a portion ofthe vibration source 130 moves, the separation screen 114 moves.

In some embodiments, the vibration source 130 may be a motor thatprovides at least one direction of movement to the separation screen114. For example, the vibration source 130 may move the separationscreen 114 in an oscillatory fashion in a single direction, such asnormal to a surface of the separation screen 114, in plane with theseparation screen 114, or combinations thereof. In other examples, thevibration source 130 may move the separation screen 114 in more than onedirection, such as in an orbital fashion in two dimensions or in threedimensions. The movement of the separation screen 114 by the vibrationsource 130 may assist in moving material down the separation screen 114toward the bottom edge 128 and to mobilize the material to allow smallerdiameter particles to sift downward and separate from the largerdiameter particles of material.

As shown in FIGS. 3A-3C, in some embodiments, the padding machine 100can include one or more leveling devices for adjusting theleveling/positioning of one or more components of the padding machine100. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 3A, a padding machine caninclude tracks 108 and a padding machine frame 113. The tracks 108 andframe 113 can be pivotally connected to one another at a pivot joint 109to enable the tracks 108 and/or frame 113 to pivot relative to theother. This can be useful in the event that the padding machine istraversing unlevel ground. For instance, if the padding machine istraversing across a hill (e.g., so that one of the tracks 108 isvertically higher or lower than the other track 108), the frame 113 canbe pivoted side-to-side relative to the tracks so as that the componentsmounted thereon (e.g., conveyors, screens, etc.) can be levelled.

As shown in FIG. 3A, a leveling ram 115 (e.g., a hydraulic leveling ram,worm drive, piston, etc.) can be associated with a track member 111 andthe padding machine frame 113 such that movement of the leveling ram istranslated to the connected members, thereby causing movement of thepadding machine frame relative to the track. For example, constrictionof the leveling ram (e.g., a reduction in length of the leveling ram)causes the frame 113 to pitch towards one of the tracks 108, as shown inFIG. 3B. It should be appreciated that although not depicted in FIG. 3B,the leveling ram can also extend to cause the frame 113 to pitch awayfrom one of the tracks 108 and toward the other track 108. In doing so,the leveling ram can affect the side-to-side leveling of the frame 113and associated components with respect to the tracks 108.

Additionally, or alternatively, in some embodiments, the graded materialconveyor 122 and oversize material conveyor 124 may be adjusted fore andaft to a level position in the event that the padding machine 100 isoperating on an incline (e.g., going up or down a hill). For example,FIG. 3C illustrates additional leveling devices—depicted as levelingrams 117, 119—that can act to affect one or more of a horizontal,vertical, and/or lateral pitch of one or more components of the paddingmachine 100. As an exemplary illustration of the foregoing, theseparation screen 114 may be leveled (e.g., directly by leveling ram 119or indirectly by any of leveling ram 115, 117, and/or 119) such that theseparable material is evenly conveyed down and/or through the separationscreen 114 to appropriate conveyors (e.g., conveyors 122, 124),regardless of the contour of the terrain. As an additional example, themain conveyor belt 106, rotor(s) 116, and/or mouth 102 can also beselectively leveled.

In any of the foregoing embodiments—where one or more components of thepadding machine 100 can be leveled—the components can be individuallyand/or collectively leveled. In some embodiments, a user can manuallyengage one or more components (or electronically configure suchcomponents) to selectively level each component as desired, or in someembodiments, the user can collectively level the padding machine withrespect to the surface (e.g., by leveling the mouth 102, tracks 108,rotor(s) 116, main conveyor belt 106, separation screen 114, gradedmaterial conveyor 122, and oversize material conveyor 124 at the same orsubstantially the same time). In some embodiments, one or morecomponents are automatically leveled with respect to the surface. Forexample, the padding machine 100 can include a leveling device thatdetermines the grade or level of the padding machine 100 (e.g., bydetecting a relative difference in pressure between the tracks 108, byan onboard accelerometer, gyroscope, automatic leveling system, orsimilar), and based on the determined grade, the padding machine 100 orportions thereof can be automatically leveled (e.g., to a positionperpendicular to the force of gravity).

In some embodiments, leveling the padding machine 100—whetherautomatically or manually—can provide additional benefits. For example,a padding machine 100 that is level can convey and sort material moreefficiently and more accurately. As an additional example, by adjustingthe mouth 102 of the padding machine 100 to be parallel to the grade ofthe surface, while concurrently maintaining level conveyance and sortingcomponents, the padding machine 100 may be able to conform to thesurface and collect and sort material more efficiently.

FIG. 4 illustrates a rear view of the padding machine 100. In someembodiments, the graded material conveyor 122 may be positioned lowerthan the oversize material conveyor 124. In other embodiments, thegraded material conveyor 122 may be positioned higher than the oversizematerial conveyor 124. In yet other embodiments, the graded materialconveyor 122 and oversize material conveyor 124 may be positioned atsubstantially equivalent heights above the ground and/or relative to thepadding machine 100.

In some embodiments, the graded material conveyor 122 and/or oversizematerial conveyor 124 may be moveable in a lateral direction to vary thedistance at which material is deposited from the graded materialconveyor 122 and/or oversize material conveyor 124. For example, thegraded material conveyor 122 may be movable relative to the separationscreen 114 by at least 10% of a graded material conveyor width 134. Inother examples, the graded material conveyor 122 may be movable relativeto the separation screen 114 by at least 20% of the graded materialconveyor width 134. In yet other examples, the graded material conveyor122 may be movable relative to the separation screen 114 by at least 30%of the graded material conveyor width 134.

In some embodiments, the oversize material conveyor 124 may be movablerelative to the separation screen 114 by at least 10% of an oversizematerial conveyor width 136. In other examples, the oversize materialconveyor 124 may be movable relative to the separation screen 114 by atleast 20% of the oversize material conveyor width 136. In yet otherexamples, the oversize material conveyor 124 may be movable relative tothe separation screen 114 by at least 30% of the oversize materialconveyor width 136.

FIG. 4 also illustrates the relative size of the graded materialconveyor 122 and oversize material conveyor 124 relative to theseparation screen 114. The separation screen 114 may have a separationscreen width 132. The graded material conveyor 122 may have a gradedmaterial conveyor width 134 and the oversize material conveyor 124 mayhave an oversize material conveyor width 136 that are each at leastpartially related to the separation screen width 132, respectively.

In some embodiments, the graded material conveyor width 134 may be apercentage of the separation screen width 132 in a range having an uppervalue, a lower value, or an upper and lower value including any of 100%,125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, 275%, 300%, or any valuestherebetween. For example, the graded material conveyor width 134 may begreater than 100% of the separation screen width 132. In other examples,the graded material conveyor width 134 may be less than 300% of theseparation screen width 132. In yet other examples, the graded materialconveyor width 134 may be in a range of 100% to 300% of the separationscreen width 132. In further examples, the graded material conveyorwidth 134 may be in a range of 150% to 250% of the separation screenwidth 132.

In some embodiments, the oversize material conveyor width 136 may be apercentage of the separation screen width 132 in a range having an uppervalue, a lower value, or an upper and lower value including any of 100%,125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, 250%, 275%, 300%, or any valuestherebetween. For example, the oversize material conveyor width 136 maybe greater than 100% of the separation screen width 132. In otherexamples, the oversize material conveyor width 136 may be less than 300%of the separation screen width 132. In yet other examples, the oversizematerial conveyor width 136 may be in a range of 100% to 300% of theseparation screen width 132. In further examples, the oversize materialconveyor width 136 may be in a range of 150% to 250% of the separationscreen width 132.

In some embodiments, the oversize material conveyor width 136 may be apercentage of the graded material conveyor width 134 in a range havingan upper value, a lower value, or an upper and lower value including anyof 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, or any valuestherebetween. For example, the oversize material conveyor width 136 maybe greater than 25% of the graded material conveyor width 134. In otherexamples, the oversize material conveyor width 136 may be less than 200%of the graded material conveyor width 134. In yet other examples, theoversize material conveyor width 136 may be in a range of 25% to 200% ofthe graded material conveyor width 134. In further examples, theoversize material conveyor width 136 may be in a range of 50% to 100% ofthe graded material conveyor width 134. In at least one embodiment, theoversize material conveyor width 136 may be about 66% of the gradedmaterial conveyor width 134.

FIG. 5 is a side view of the embodiment of a padding machine 100. Thepadding machine 100 may receive debris or other material at the mouth102 of the padding machine 100 and may guide the material onto the mainconveyor belt 106. The main conveyor belt 106 may carry the material tothe separation screen 114, as described herein. The material is movedfrom the ground on which the padding machine 100 is located to the mainconveyor belt 106 by one or more rotors 116.

FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic representation of an embodiment of arotor 216 and main conveyor belt 206 to move material from the ground orother surface onto the main conveyor belt 206 and then along mainconveyor belt 206. The rotor 216 may rotate and move material 238 ontothe main conveyor belt 206, which may then move the material up toward aseparation screen. In some embodiments, the rotor 216 may be positionedto contact and move material at/or near the ground. In otherembodiments, the rotor 216 may be positioned to receive material 238from a ramp 244 or other guidance mechanism positioned in front of therotor 216 that guides the material 238 to the rotor 216. For example, atleast part of the rotor 216 may be positioned between the ramp 244 andthe main conveyor belt 206.

In some embodiments, the rotor 216 may have a body 240 and one or moreengagement members 242 to engage with the material and move the materialon to the main conveyor belt 206. For example, the engagement members242 may be paddles, duck bills, prongs, bars, or other grasping shapesto lift or otherwise push the material 238 onto the main conveyor belt206. In some embodiments, a forward side of the rotor 216 may rotate inan upward direction 246, as viewed from the front of the paddingmachine, and lift material 238 upward and over the rotor 216 beforedepositing the material 238 onto the main conveyor belt 206.

In other embodiments, such as shown in FIG. 7, a rotor 316 may beconfigured to rotate in a downward direction 348, as viewed from thefront of the padding machine. The rotation of a forward side of therotor 316 in the downward direction 348 may press material 338 againstthe ground 350 and urge the material 338 up a ramp 344 or other guidancemechanism located behind the rotor 316 to move the material 338 onto themain conveyor belt 306. In at least one embodiment, the material 338 maybe in contact with both the main conveyor belt 306 and the rotor 316 atthe same time. For example, the material 338 may be lifted to the mainconveyor belt 306 by the engagement members 342 and may be in contactwith the engagement members 342 and/or the body 340 of the rotor 316 atthe same time as being in contact with the main conveyor belt 306.

In some embodiments, the rotor 316 may rotate (in the downward direction348 or the upward direction 246 shown in FIG. 6) at a fixed rotationalspeed. In other embodiments, the rotor 316 may rotate (in the downwarddirection 348 or the upward direction 246 shown in FIG. 6) at a variablerotational speed. For example, the rotor 316 may rotate at a userselectable rotational speed. In other examples, the rotor 316 may varyin speed during operation to move material 338 of varying size and/ormass onto the main conveyor belt 306.

In some embodiments, a rotor may rotate at a rotational speed in a rangehaving an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower valuesincluding any of 15 RPM revolutions per minute (RPM), 30 RPM, 45 RPM, 60RPM, 90 RPM, 120 RPM, 150 RPM, 180 RPM, 240 RPM, greater than 240 RPM,or any value therebetween. For example, a rotor may rotate at greaterthan 15 RPM. In other examples, the rotor may rotate at less than 240RPM. In yet other examples, the rotor may rotate at a rotational speedin a range of 15 RPM to 240 RPM. In further examples, the rotor mayrotate at a rotational speed in a range of 30 RPM to 120 RPM.

FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of a rotor 416 having a body 440 and aplurality of engagement members 442-1, 442-2 extending radially outwardfrom the body 440. The rotor 416 is configured to rotate about arotational axis 443 that extends through the rotor 416 in a directiontransverse to movement of the padding machine on the tracks 108described in relation to FIG. 1. In other embodiments, the rotationalaxis 443 of the rotor 416 may be oriented at an angle to the movement ofthe padding machine on the tracks 108 described in relation to FIG. 1.

Referring again to FIG. 8, the rotor 416 may have a plurality of rows ofengagement members 442-1, 442-2. In some embodiments, each successiverow of engagement members 442-1, 442-2 may be identical as the rotor 416rotates. In other embodiments, at least one successive row of engagementmembers 442-1, 442-2 may be different from the rotor 416. For example,the engagement members 442-1, 442-2 may be sized and arranged such thatthe engagement members 442-1, 442-2 of each successive row are staggered(e.g., positioned not aligned with the successive row) as the rotor 416rotates. In some embodiments, the positioning of the engagement members442-1, 442-2 may result in at least a portion of a first engagementmember 442-1 of a first row overlapping in position with a secondengagement member 442-2 of a second row. In other embodiments, the firstengagement member 442-1 of a first row may be positioned between twosecond engagement members 442-2 of a second row and vice versa.

In some embodiments, the engagement members 442-1 within a row may bespaced apart with a spacing 450 that is at least partially related to anengagement member width 452. For example, the spacing 450 between theengagement members 442-1 may be a percentage of the engagement memberwidth 452. In some embodiments, the spacing 450 may be a percentage ofthe engagement member width 452 in a range having an upper value, alower value, or upper and lower values including any of 25%, 50%, 75%,100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, greater than 200%, or any valuestherebetween. For example, the spacing 450 may be greater than 25% ofthe engagement member width 452. In other examples, the spacing 450 maybe less than 250% of the engagement member width 452. In yet otherexamples, the spacing 450 may be a percentage of the engagement memberwidth 452 in a range of 25% to 250%. In further examples, the spacing450 may be a percentage of the engagement member width 452 in a range of50% to 200%. In yet further examples, the spacing 450 may be apercentage of the engagement member width 452 in a range of 75% to 150%.In at least one example, the spacing 450 may be about equal to theengagement member width 452. In at least one embodiment, the engagementmember width may be between 3 and 4 inches.

As shown in FIGS. 9A-9C, in some embodiments, a padding machine mayinclude a plurality of rotors 516-1, 516-2 to move material onto a mainconveyor belt. For example, a first rotor 516-1 may lift and movematerial rearward toward the second rotor 516-2. In some embodiments,the first rotor 516-1 may throw the material over the second rotor 516-2toward a main conveyor belt. In other embodiments, the first rotor 516-1may move the material rearward toward the second rotor 516-1 and thesecond rotor 516-2 may also move the material rearward. In yet otherembodiments, the second rotor 516-2 may also lift and move material ontothe main conveyor belt. In further embodiments, a padding machine mayinclude more than two rotors, such as three rotors, four rotors, fiverotors, six rotors, or more rotors to lift and/or move material to themain conveyor belt.

The first rotor 516-1 and second rotor 516-2 of FIGS. 9A-9C may bejoined by a linkage 554. The linkage 554 may link the rotational speedof the first rotor 516-1 and the second rotor 516-2. In someembodiments, the first rotor 516-1 and second rotor 516-2 may rotate atsubstantially equal speeds. In other embodiments, the first rotor 516-1and second rotor 516-2 may rotate at different speeds. For example, thefirst rotor 516-1 may rotate faster than the second rotor 516-2. Inother examples, the first rotor 516-1 may rotate slower than the secondrotor 516-2. Additionally, or alternatively, the first rotor 516-1 canrotate in a first direction and the second rotor 516-2 can rotate in asecond direction. In some embodiments, the first and second directionare the same rotational direction. In some embodiments, the first andsecond direction are opposite rotational directions. That is, in someembodiments, the first and second rotors 516-1, 516-2 are joined by alinkage 554 yet rotate in opposite directions. Such a feat can beenabled by any means known in the art, including, for example, by theaddition of an intervening gear associated with the second rotor 516-2that operably changes the rotational direction thereof.

It should be appreciated that although the drive mechanism associatedwith linkage 554 is illustrated in FIGS. 9A as being positioned on aninterior sidewall, the drive mechanism and linkage 554 can,alternatively, be positioned on an exterior sidewall thereof as shown inFIGS. 9B and 9C. Positioning the drive mechanism on an exterior sidewallcan provide certain advantages in some implementations. For example,relocating the drive mechanism to an exterior side can increase theamount of space available for positioning engagement members alongrotors. It can additionally, or alternatively, reduce exposure of thedrive mechanism to the dirt, rocks, or other material processed by thepadding machine and/or increase accessibility for maintenance purposes.It should also be appreciated that the linkage 554 can include, forexample, a poly chain, a drive chain, a roller chain, etc.

In some embodiments, and as depicted in FIG. 9A, the first rotor 516-1may have a first engagement member 542-1, and the second rotor 516-2 mayhave a second engagement member 542-2. In some embodiments, the firstengagement member 542-1 and second engagement member 542-2 may besubstantially aligned. In other embodiments, the first engagement member542-1 and second engagement member 542-2 may at least partially overlap.In yet other embodiments, the first engagement member 542-1 and secondengagement member 542-2 may be positioned such that there is no overlapbetween the first engagement member 542-1 and second engagement member542-2. In at least one example, the first engagement member 542-1 andsecond engagement member 542-2 may be positioned such that the firstengagement member 542-1 is positioned between a pair of secondengagement members 542-2 without overlapping either of the secondengagement members 542-2. The first rotor 516-1 and second rotor 516-2may, thereby, provide substantially equal coverage across the width ofthe rotors 516-1, 516-2 to pick up and/or move material.

In some embodiments, and as depicted in FIG. 9B, the first rotor 516-1may have a first engagement member 542-1 a and a second engagementmember 542-1 b, and the second rotor 516-2 may have a first engagementmember 542-2 a and a second engagement member 542-2 b. As illustrated,the first engagement members 542-1 a, 542-2 a can be positioned on afirst segment of the rotor 516-1, 516-2, respectively, and the secondengagement members 542-1 b, 542-2 b can be positioned on at least asecond segment of the rotor 516-1, 516-2, respectively. The rotors516-1, 516-2 can have a plurality of segments that alternate betweenfirst engagement members 542-1 a, 542-2 a and second engagement members542-1 b, 542-2 b and may additionally be positioned betweencorresponding engagement members on the opposite rotor (e.g., firstengagement members 542-1 a of rotor 516-1 are positioned to move betweensecond engagement members 542-2 b of rotor 516-2, and first engagementmembers 542-2 a of rotor 516-2 are positioned to move between secondengagement members 542-2 b of rotor 516-2.

In some embodiments, the first engagement members 542-1 a, 542-2 a aredifferent than second engagement members 542-1 b, 542-2 b. For example,and as depicted in FIG. 9B, the first engagement members 542-1 a, 542-2a are duck bills, and the second engagement members 542-2 a, 542-2 b arepaddles positioned so as to pass between adjacent duck bills disposed onan opposite rotor.

In some embodiments, each rotor 516-1, 516-2 can include a plurality ofengagement members that are distributed and positioned on different rowsof the rotor 516-1, 516-2. In some embodiments, each row of engagementmembers includes the same number of engagement members. In otherembodiments, the number of engagement members positioned on each row ofa rotor can be different. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 9A, theengagement members 542-1, 542-2 of each rotor 516-1, 516-2 alternatebetween five engagement members 542-1, 542-2 on a first row and fourengagement members 542-1, 542-2 on an adjacent row. Additionally, oralternatively, the number of engagement members positioned on a row cansequentially increase, include a different pattern of engagement membersbetween a plurality of rows, or include any number of engagement memberson a row, which may or may not be the same.

For example, as illustrated in FIG. 9C, a first rotor 516-1 can includetwo engagement members 542-1 on a first row, three engagement members542-1 on an adjacent second row, four engagement members 542-1 on athird row adjacent to the second row, five engagement members 542-1 onthe fourth row adjacent to the third row, increasing sequentially witheach additional row. In one embodiment, the number of engagement memberspositioned on rows is cyclic (e.g., a rotor having five rows ofengagement members can include two engagement members on a first row,three engagement members on a second row, four engagement members on athird row, and three engagement members on a fifth row, returningcyclically to the first row having two engagement members). It should beappreciated that the number or type of engagement members can alternatebetween rows (as shown in FIG. 5B) or can be interdispersed within a rowat any number or proportion. Additionally, or alternatively, theengagement members can also be offset or aligned with respect to anadjacent row of engagement members on the same rotor or with respect toan opposing set of engagement members on an adjacent rotor.

While rotors with duckbills are depicted in FIG. 6 through FIG. 9, otherembodiments of rotors may have other types of engagement members to movematerial. FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment of a rotor 616 with a body640 and a plurality of engagement members 642. At least one of theengagement members 642 may extend across a percentage of the transversewidth of the body 640 in a range having an upper value, a lower value,or upper and lower values including any of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%,70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, or any values therebetween. For example, at leastone of the engagement members 642 may extend across at least 10% of thewidth of the body 640. In other examples, at least one of the engagementmembers 642 may extend across less than 100% of the width of the body640. In yet other examples, at least one of the engagement members 642may extend across the entire width of the body 640. In further examples,at least one of the engagement members 642 may extend across apercentage of the width of the body 640 in a range of 10% to 100%. In atleast one example, all of the engagement members 642 may extend acrossthe entire width of the body 640.

In some embodiments, an engagement member 642 may have a height 656above the surface of the body 640. The height 656 of the engagementmember 642 may be at least partially related to the body diameter 658.In some embodiments, the height 656 may be a percentage of the bodydiameter 658 in a range having an upper value, a lower value, or upperand lower values including any of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%,75%, 100%, or any values therebetween. For example, the height 656 maybe greater than 5% of the body diameter 658. In other examples, theheight 656 may be less than 100% of the body diameter 658. In yet otherexamples, the height 656 may be in a range of 5% to 100% of the bodydiameter 658.

In some embodiments, the body diameter 658 may be in a range having anupper value, a lower value, or upper and lower values including any of1.0 feet, 1.25 feet, 1.5 feet, 1.75 feet, 2.0 feet, 2.25 feet, 2.5 feet,2.75 feet, 3.0 feet, 3.25 feet, 3.5 feet, 3.75 feet, 4.0 feet, or anyvalues therebetween. For example, the body diameter 658 may be greaterthan 1.0 feet. In other examples, the body diameter 658 may be less than4.0 feet. In yet other examples, the body diameter 658 may be in a rangeof 1.0 feet to 4.0 feet. In further examples, the body diameter 658 maybe in a range of 2.0 feet to 3.5 feet.

In some embodiments, the rotor is height adjustable. For example, asdepicted in FIG. 9B, the rotor 516-2 is adjustable along angular track560 relative to stationary rotor 516-1. In some embodiments, therelative height difference between the first rotor 516-1 and the secondrotor 516-2 is adjusted by the user. It should be appreciated that theheight of the rotor may affect the amount or type of material conveyedto the padding machine 100 for separation and conveyance. For example,one or a plurality of rotors may be positioned at ground level, aboveground level, and/or below ground level to accommodate a user'spreference or objective in the amount and/or type of material to beengaged by the padding machine.

Referring now to FIG. 11, in some embodiments, a rotor 716 may have anengagement member 742 that is curved and/or includes a discontinuousangle. For example, the engagement member 742 may be positioned on body740 such that the engagement member has a rotational length 760 thatcurves around an angular portion of the body circumference. For example,the engagement member 742 may have a rotational length 760 in a rangehaving an upper value, a lower value, or upper and lower valuesincluding any of 1°, 5°, 10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, 70°, 80°, 90°,120°, 180°, or any values therebetween. For example, the engagementmember 742 may have a rotational length 760 greater than 1°. In otherexamples, the engagement member 742 may have a rotational length 760less than 180°. In yet other examples, the engagement member 742 mayhave a rotational length 760 in a range of 1° to 180°.

In some embodiments, a graded material conveyor and an oversize materialconveyor may be oriented at different angles relative to one anotherfrom an overhead perspective. In other words, the graded materialconveyor and the oversize material conveyor may be oriented to dischargethe first portion of the material and the second portion of thematerial, respectively, at an angle to one another.

FIGS. 12 and 13 illustrate another embodiment of a padding machine 800with a graded material conveyor 826 oriented to convey a first portionof the material in a direction that is similar to a main conveyor belt806. For example, the padding machine 800 may straddle a trench andmaterial may be provided to the padding machine 800 through atop-loading feeder 862. A first portion of the material may bedischarged into the trench below the padding machine 800 by the gradedmaterial conveyor 826. The padding machine 800 may have an oversizematerial conveyor 828 that is oriented in a lateral direction to themain conveyor belt 806 to discharge the second portion of the materialto the side of the padding machine 800.

While FIGS. 13 and 13 illustrate a padding machine with the gradedmaterial conveyor 826 and the oversize material conveyor 828 orientedsubstantially perpendicularly to one another, it should be understoodthat other embodiments may have the graded material conveyor 826 and theoversize material conveyor 828 oriented at any conveyor angle 864relative to one another. For instance, in some embodiments, a conveyorangle 864 (e.g., the angle between the graded material conveyor 826 andthe oversize material conveyor 828) may be in a range having an uppervalue, a lower value, or upper and lower values including any of 1°, 5°,10°, 20°, 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, 70°, 80°, 90°, or any values therebetween.For example, the conveyor angle 864 may be greater than 1°. In otherexamples, the conveyor angle 864 less than 90°. In yet other examples,the conveyor angle 864 may be in a range of 1° to 90°. In at least oneembodiment, the conveyor angle 864 may be adjustable by rotating thegraded material conveyor 826 and/or the oversize material conveyor 828relative to one another.

In at least one embodiment, a padding machine according to the presentdisclosure may allow for the conveyance and/or separation of a widervariety of material more efficiently. For example, a padding machinewith a rotor as described herein may be capable of picking up and movinglarger debris without damaging the padding machine and/or compromisingthe padding machine operations. A padding machine with a flexible mainconveyor belt may have a longer operation lifetime with lowermaintenance costs. A padding machine with an oversize material conveyoras described herein may convey and sort the separated material intowindrows that are more easily and/or efficiently collected subsequently,speeding overall construction practices.

The articles “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to mean that there areone or more of the elements in the preceding descriptions. The terms“comprising,” “including,” and “having” are intended to be inclusive andmean that there may be additional elements other than the listedelements. Additionally, it should be understood that references to “oneembodiment” or “an embodiment” of the present disclosure are notintended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additionalembodiments that also incorporate the recited features. For example, anyelement described in relation to an embodiment herein may be combinablewith any element of any other embodiment described herein. Numbers,percentages, ratios, or other values stated herein are intended toinclude that value, and also other values that are “about” or“approximately” the stated value, as would be appreciated by one ofordinary skill in the art encompassed by embodiments of the presentdisclosure. A stated value should therefore be interpreted broadlyenough to encompass values that are at least close enough to the statedvalue to perform a desired function or achieve a desired result. Thestated values include at least the variation to be expected in asuitable manufacturing or production process, and may include valuesthat are within 5%, within 1%, within 0.1%, or within 0.01% of a statedvalue.

A person having ordinary skill in the art should realize in view of thepresent disclosure that equivalent constructions do not depart from thespirit and scope of the present disclosure, and that various changes,substitutions, and alterations may be made to embodiments disclosedherein without departing from the spirit and scope of the presentdisclosure. Equivalent constructions, including functional“means-plus-function” clauses are intended to cover the structuresdescribed herein as performing the recited function, including bothstructural equivalents that operate in the same manner, and equivalentstructures that provide the same function. It is the express intentionof the applicant not to invoke means-plus-function or other functionalclaiming for any claim except for those in which the words ‘means for’appear together with an associated function. Each addition, deletion,and modification to the embodiments that falls within the meaning andscope of the claims is to be embraced by the claims.

The terms “approximately,” “about,” and “substantially” as used hereinrepresent an amount close to the stated amount that still performs adesired function or achieves a desired result. For example, the terms“approximately,” “about,” and “substantially” may refer to an amountthat is within less than 5% of, within less than 1% of, within less than0.1% of, and within less than 0.01% of a stated amount. Where ranges aredescribed in combination with a set of potential lower or upper values,each value may be used in an open-ended range (e.g., at least 50%, up to50%), as a single value, or two values may be combined to define a range(e.g., between 50% and 75%). Further, it should be understood that anydirections or reference frames in the preceding description are merelyrelative directions or movements. For example, any references to “up”and “down” or “above” or “below” are merely descriptive of the relativeposition or movement of the related elements.

The present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms withoutdeparting from its spirit or characteristics. The described embodimentsare to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope ofthe disclosure is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims ratherthan by the foregoing description. Changes that come within the meaningand range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within theirscope.

We claim:
 1. A padding machine, comprising: a main conveyor belt; aseparation screen configured to receive material from the main conveyorbelt and separate the material into a first portion and a second portiona graded material conveyor positioned below the separation screen andconfigured to receive the first portion of the material; an oversizematerial conveyor positioned at an end of the separation screen andconfigured to receive the second portion of the material, wherein aconveyor angle between the graded material conveyor and the oversizematerial conveyor is less than 90°; and a motive element configured tomove the padding machine relative to a surface on which the paddingmachine is used.
 2. The padding machine of claim 1, wherein the conveyorangle is adjustable.
 3. The padding machine of claim 1, wherein aconveyor speed of the graded material conveyor is adjustable to controlplacement of graded material.
 4. The padding machine of claim 1, furthercomprising a control plate on the graded material conveyor, wherein thecontrol plate has an adjustable control plate angle.
 5. The paddingmachine of claim 1, further comprising a leveling device to level thegraded material conveyor.
 6. The padding machine of claim 1, wherein thegraded material conveyor is located at a different height above thesurface than the oversize material conveyor.
 7. A padding machine,comprising: a main conveyor belt; a separation screen configured toreceive material from the main conveyor belt and separate the materialinto a first portion and a second portion a graded material conveyorpositioned below the separation screen and configured to receive thefirst portion of the material; an oversize material conveyor positionedat an end of the separation screen and configured to receive the secondportion of the material, wherein at least one of the graded materialconveyor and the oversize material conveyor is configured to convey thematerial in either lateral direction; and a motive element configured tomove the padding machine relative to a surface on which the paddingmachine is used.
 8. The padding machine of claim 7, wherein the at leastone of the graded material conveyor and the oversize material conveyoris configured to selectively move a conveyor belt to the left or to theright relative to the separation screen.
 9. The padding machine of claim7, wherein the graded material conveyor conveys the first portion in afirst direction and the oversize material conveyor conveys the secondportion in a second direction, the first direction and the seconddirection being opposite.
 10. The padding machine of claim 7, whereinthe graded material conveyor deposits the first portion on a first sideof the padding machine and the oversize material conveyor deposits thesecond portion on a second side of the padding machine, the first sideopposing the second side.
 11. The padding machine of claim 7, whereinthe graded material conveyor deposits the first portion in a first pileand the oversize material conveyor deposits the second portion in asecond pile, the first pile being adjacent to the second pile.
 12. Thepadding machine of claim 11, wherein the first pile and the second pileare on the same side of the padding machine.
 13. A padding machine,comprising: a main conveyor belt; a separation screen configured toreceive material from the main conveyor belt and separate the materialinto a first portion and a second portion a graded material conveyorpositioned below the separation screen and configured to receive thefirst portion of the material, wherein the graded material conveyor islaterally movable relative to the separation screen; an oversizematerial conveyor positioned at an end of the separation screen andconfigured to receive the second portion of the material, wherein theoversize material conveyor is laterally movable relative to theseparation screen; and a motive element configured to move the paddingmachine relative to a surface on which the padding machine is used. 14.The padding machine of claim 13, wherein the graded material conveyor islaterally movable relative to the separation screen by at least 10% of agraded material conveyor width.
 15. The padding machine of claim 13,wherein the oversize material conveyor is laterally movable relative tothe separation screen by at least 10% of a oversize material conveyorwidth.
 16. The padding machine of claim 13, wherein the graded materialconveyor has a graded material conveyor width that is between 150% and250% of a separation screen width.
 17. The padding machine of claim 13,wherein the oversize material conveyor has an oversize material conveyorwidth that is between 50% and 100% of a graded material conveyor width.18. The padding machine of claim 13, wherein the graded materialconveyor is located at a different height above the surface than theoversize material conveyor.
 19. The padding machine of claim 13, furthercomprising a rotor at a mouth of the main conveyor belt.
 20. The paddingmachine of claim 19, further comprising a ramp below the rotor.